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Paul Ekblom, an English criminologist and developer of PROCTOR, stated, “SARA gave practitioners an excellent start to problem solving, but it has insufficient depth of detail (Sidebottom & Tilley, 2010, p. In PROCTOR, there is an emphasis on constant analysis throughout the whole process.
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The acronym stands for problem, cause, tactic or treatment, output, and result (2010, p.5). PROCTOR was developed and is practiced by various agencies in the United Kingdom. The first method introduced by Sidebottom and Tilley is PROCTOR. As a result of the critiques, other methods have been developed to perform the same function as SARA. Many times in the scanning and analysis phases, officials will overlook the significance of problems or exaggerate others (Sidebottom & Tilley, 2010, pp. However, critics have noted that it tends to oversimplify large crime problems. Proponents of SARA have stated that its simplicity and lack of complexity make it user friendly.
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Solutions, whether they have been shown to be successful or futile, require constant monitoring and evaluation (Eisenberg & Glasscock, 2001, pp. After the response, the assessment phase studies the effectiveness of the solution.
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Next during the response, a solution is put into action. The analysis aspect calls for officials to examine the problem presented and what plan of action should be taken. This is conducted through calls for service or detection by officers. Scanning refers to the identification of a problem or problems. This method breaks down problem solving into four basic steps: scanning, analysis, response, and assessment. SARA is based around common sense and is well-suited for the everyday police officer. SARA, which refers to scanning, analysis, response, and assessment, was created from the initial project for problem-oriented policing in Newport News, Virginia (Sidebottom & Tilley, 2010, p. One of the first models, and arguably the most popular, is the SARA method. Aiden Sidebottom and Nick Tilley (2010) presented an analysis of the popular methods that have been used by law enforcement. To effectively solve the problems lying before law enforcement, several methods have been introduced, studied, and practiced in the field. The quintessential component of problem-oriented policing is the concept of problem solving (Eisenberg & Glasscock, 2001, p. However, as it was put into practice in multiple cities and nations, the effectiveness and strength of problem-oriented policing came into question (History of problem-oriented policing, 2014). Initially, problem-oriented policing was met with support and success. Goldstein described problem-oriented policing as a new approach to policing focused on end results, such as lower rates of a particular crime (Eisenberg & Glasscock, 2001, p. This new method was called problem-oriented policing (POP) (Cordner & Biebel, 2005, p. In 1979, Herman Goldstein published an article outlining a revolutionary crime fighting model. Over the years, many different models were developed to attempt to lower crime rates.
#The most noteworthy example of the policy of deterrence was how to#
The question of how to lower crime rates has baffled criminologists and law enforcement officials for decades.